{"id":698343,"date":"2024-08-19T16:16:58","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T15:16:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=698343"},"modified":"2024-08-19T16:16:58","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T15:16:58","slug":"dong-luc-hoc-nhiet-cua-qua-trinh-tao-nang-luong-tham-thau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/dong-luc-hoc-nhiet-cua-qua-trinh-tao-nang-luong-tham-thau\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dong_luc_hoc_nhiet_cua_qua_trinh_tao_nang_luong_tham_thau.png\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai dung d\u1ecbch, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c,&#8221; x\u1ea3y ra khi hai dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ea5m. M\u00e0ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua nh\u01b0ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c ion mu\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u (\u03c0) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: \u03c0 = iCRT<\/li>\n<li>i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Van &#8216;t Hoff<\/li>\n<li>C l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch (mol\/L)<\/li>\n<li>R l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed (0.0821 L\u00b7atm\/(mol\u00b7K))<\/li>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh trong quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb dung d\u1ecbch: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 b\u1ec3 kia ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u: D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u00e0ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u00c1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 quay tua bin, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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