{"id":698777,"date":"2024-08-24T00:23:11","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T23:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=698777"},"modified":"2024-08-24T00:23:11","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T23:23:11","slug":"cac-mo-hinh-thoai-mai-nhiet-trong-thiet-ke-toa-nha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-mo-hinh-thoai-mai-nhiet-trong-thiet-ke-toa-nha\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_mo_hinh_thoai_mai_nhiet_trong_thiet_ke_toa_nha.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Tho\u1ea3i M\u00e1i Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf T\u00f2a Nh\u00e0<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh PMV (Predicted Mean Vote)<\/b>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. PMV d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. PMV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<br \/>\n\\[ \\text{PMV} = (0.303e^{-0.036M} + 0.028)L \\]\ntrong \u0111\u00f3 M l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t (metabolic rate) v\u00e0 L l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied)<\/b>: PPD \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi PMV v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c PPD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<br \/>\n\\[ \\text{PPD} = 100 &#8211; 95e^{-(0.03353PMV^4 + 0.2179PMV^2)} \\]\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu PMV = 0, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 PPD = 5%, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Adaptive<\/b>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi, nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c hay m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<br \/>\n\\[ T_{comf} = T_{out} + 0.33(T_{in} &#8211; T_{out}) \\]\ntrong \u0111\u00f3 \\( T_{comf} \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, \\( T_{out} \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \\( T_{in} \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong nh\u00e0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eeba th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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