{"id":698916,"date":"2024-10-13T22:50:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T21:50:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=698916"},"modified":"2024-10-13T22:50:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T21:50:57","slug":"chuyen-doi-nang-luong-nhiet-tu-song-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-doi-nang-luong-nhiet-tu-song-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\"Chuy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t T\u1eeb S\u00f3ng Bi\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c h\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> (OTEC – Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng OTEC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ba chu tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Chu tr\u00ecnh H\u1edf (Open Cycle)<\/li>\n
  • Chu tr\u00ecnh K\u00edn (Closed Cycle)<\/li>\n
  • Chu tr\u00ecnh H\u1ed7n H\u1ee3p (Hybrid Cycle)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Chu Tr\u00ecnh K\u00edn<\/h2>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh k\u00edn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 amoniac ho\u1eb7c pentan c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • S\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  • Nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01a1i n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y qua tua-bin v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n

    \\begin{equation}
    \nP = \\frac{\\dot{m} \\cdot (h_1 – h_2)}{\\eta}
    \n\\end{equation}<\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \\(\\dot{m}\\) l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/li>\n
    • \\(h_1\\) v\u00e0 \\(h_2\\) l\u00e0 enthalpy t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a tua-bin<\/li>\n
    • \\(\\eta\\) l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tua-bin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m V\u00e0 Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

    • Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n

      <\/u1><\/p>\n

      Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t:<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

    • Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f2n \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n

      <\/u1><\/p>\n

      K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

      Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7y tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean 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