{"id":699033,"date":"2024-08-11T05:59:12","date_gmt":"2024-08-11T04:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699033"},"modified":"2024-08-11T05:59:12","modified_gmt":"2024-08-11T04:59:12","slug":"nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-phan-ung-dien-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-phan-ung-dien-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_hoc_cua_phan_ung_dien_hoa.png\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 pin, b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc:<\/b> \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 k\u00edn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 sinh ra hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc:<\/b> \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft trong m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed5ng entropy c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng entropy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gibbs<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 <i>n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gibbs t\u1ef1 do (G)<\/i>. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gibbs li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gibbs (\u0394G) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (E) th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\u0394G = -nFE<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol electron trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<li>F l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Faraday (kho\u1ea3ng 96485 C\/mol)<\/li>\n<li>E l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (E\u00b0) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1 M cho dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 1 atm cho kh\u00ed). \u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eeda t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (b\u00e1n pin) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eeda t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nE_{cell} = E^\\circ_{cathode} &#8211; E^\\circ_{anode}<br \/>\n\\]\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pin v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy:<\/b> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin nh\u01b0 pin lithium-ion hay pin ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u:<\/b> C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydro v\u00e0 oxy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n:<\/b> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hydro v\u00e0 oxy, c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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