{"id":699052,"date":"2024-11-09T13:43:25","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T12:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699052"},"modified":"2024-11-09T13:43:25","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T12:43:25","slug":"phan-tich-ung-suat-nhiet-trong-vat-lieu-xay-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/phan-tich-ung-suat-nhiet-trong-vat-lieu-xay-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/phan_tich_ung_suat_nhiet_trong_vat_lieu_xay_dung.png\" alt=\"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch \u1ee8ng Su\u1ea5t Nhi\u1ec7t Trong V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. Trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00fang trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebfn \u1ee8ng Su\u1ea5t Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (\\(\\alpha\\)): <\/b>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\\(\\Delta T\\)): <\/b>S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb: \\(^\\circ C\\) ho\u1eb7c K) m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra.<\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (E): <\/b>\u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c T\u00ednh To\u00e1n \u1ee8ng Su\u1ea5t Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t (\\(\\sigma\\)) trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\n\\[<br \/>\n\\sigma = E \\cdot \\alpha \\cdot \\Delta T<br \/>\n\\]\n<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>E: M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (Pa)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\alpha\\): H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (1\/^\\circ C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\): S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (^\\circ C)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>V\u00ed D\u1ee5 Minh H\u1ecda<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh th\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, E = 200 GPa (200 x 10<sup>9<\/sup> Pa)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, \\(\\alpha\\) = 12 x 10<sup>-6<\/sup> (1\/^\\circ C)<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \\(\\Delta T\\) = 50^\\circ C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra trong thanh th\u00e9p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\n\\[<br \/>\n\\sigma = 200 \\times 10^9 \\, \\text{Pa} \\times 12 \\times 10^{-6} \\times 50 = 120 \\, \\text{MPa}<br \/>\n\\]\n<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a \u1ee8ng Su\u1ea5t Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t: <\/b>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><b>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: <\/b>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/li>\n<li><b>M\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft: <\/b>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1ch, ng\u00f3i hay g\u1ed7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch Gi\u1ea3i Quy\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: <\/b>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf linh ho\u1ea1t: <\/b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c khe co gi\u00e3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u00e3n n\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: <\/b>B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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