{"id":699131,"date":"2024-11-09T18:14:58","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T17:14:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699131"},"modified":"2024-11-09T18:14:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T17:14:58","slug":"su-truyen-nhiet-trong-dieu-kien-vi-trong-luc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/su-truyen-nhiet-trong-dieu-kien-vi-trong-luc\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/su_truyen_nhiet_trong_dieu_kien_vi_trong_luc.png\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra qua ba c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ch\u00fang ta chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 trong kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng sang v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra do s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng di chuy\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng di chuy\u1ec3n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c (forced convection), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1m, tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n qua kh\u00f4ng gian d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u hay d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt <i>Stefan-Boltzmann<\/i>:<\/p>\n<p>\\(P = \\sigma \\epsilon A T^4\\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(P\\) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (W)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\sigma\\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (\\(5.67 \\times 10^{-8} \\, Wm^{-2}K^{-4}\\))<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\epsilon\\) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>\\(A\\) l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt \u0111ang ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c module kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong 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