{"id":699227,"date":"2024-09-05T10:34:38","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T09:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699227"},"modified":"2024-09-05T10:34:38","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T09:34:38","slug":"truyen-nhiet-trong-moi-truong-xop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/truyen-nhiet-trong-moi-truong-xop\/","title":{"rendered":"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/truyen_nhiet_trong_moi_truong_xop.png\" alt=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng X\u1ed1p<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u:<\/b> Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u (kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecfng), nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (do ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c (do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 b\u01a1m) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1:<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng X\u1ed1p<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Fourier (Fourier\u2019s law of heat conduction) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\rho c_p \\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial t} = k \\nabla^2 T &#8211; \\nabla \\cdot (h \\vec{u} T) + Q<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>\\(c_p\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>h l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\vec{u}\\) l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u.<\/li>\n<li>Q l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng x\u1ed1p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><b>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc x\u1ed1p gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i, vi khu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1edd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7.<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i:<\/b> \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1t x\u1ed1p gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1p: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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