{"id":699560,"date":"2024-08-24T09:41:25","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T08:41:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699560"},"modified":"2024-08-24T09:41:25","modified_gmt":"2024-08-24T08:41:25","slug":"mo-hinh-truyen-nhiet-ket-hop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/mo-hinh-truyen-nhiet-ket-hop\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mo_hinh_truyen_nhiet_ket_hop.png\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee9c Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction):<\/b> D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier:<br \/>\n        <br \/><i>q = -k \\frac{dT}{dx}<\/i><br \/>\n        <br \/>Trong \u0111\u00f3, <i>q<\/i> l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t, <i>k<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, <i>T<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 <i>x<\/i> l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u (Convection):<\/b> \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Newton v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<br \/>\n        <br \/><i>q = hA(T_s \u2013 T_inf)<\/i><br \/>\n        <br \/>Trong \u0111\u00f3, <i>h<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, <i>A<\/i> l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, <i>T_s<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 <i>T_inf<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u xung quanh.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 (Radiation):<\/b> B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n        <br \/><i>q = \u03b5\u03c3AT^4<\/i><br \/>\n        <br \/>Trong \u0111\u00f3, <i>\u03b5<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1, <i>\u03c3<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann, <i>A<\/i> l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 <i>T<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<h3>2. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, m\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t qua t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Qua T\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong) \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><i>q = \\frac{\u0394T}{R_{total}}<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, <i>R_{total}<\/i> l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><i>R_{total} = R_{conduction} + R_{convection} + R_{radiation}<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 <i>R<\/i> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC (s\u01b0\u1edfi, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed), ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/mo-hinh-truyen-nhiet-ket-hop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" 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