{"id":699636,"date":"2024-10-02T08:24:42","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T07:24:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699636"},"modified":"2024-10-02T08:24:42","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T07:24:42","slug":"doi-luu-tu-nhien-trong-khong-gian-kin-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/doi-luu-tu-nhien-trong-khong-gian-kin-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn: C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea1t hay b\u01a1m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/doi_luu_tu_nhien_trong_khong_gian_kin.png\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean Trong Kh\u00f4ng Gian K\u00edn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc) t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng di chuy\u1ec3n do ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/b>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/b>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Bernoulli m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\frac{\\partial \\mathbf{v}}{\\partial t} + (\\mathbf{v} \\cdot \\nabla)\\mathbf{v} = -\\frac{\\nabla p}{\\rho} + \\nu \\nabla^2 \\mathbf{v} + \\mathbf{g}\\)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u01a1i m\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\mathbf{v}\\) l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<li>\\(p\\) l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\nu\\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mathbf{g}\\) l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/b>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean:<\/u> Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y b\u01a1m.<\/li>\n<li><u>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m:<\/u> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u01b0\u1edfi (nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<li><u>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/u> \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn: C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea1t hay b\u01a1m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian 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