{"id":699789,"date":"2024-10-23T20:20:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T19:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699789"},"modified":"2024-10-23T20:20:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T19:20:39","slug":"thu-hoach-nang-luong-nhiet-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/thu-hoach-nang-luong-nhiet-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\"Thu<\/p>\n

Thu Ho\u1ea1ch N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

  • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi:<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc:<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u1ed9t tuabin h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sinh ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tuabin.<\/li>\n
  • Tuabin quay t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t = \\(\\eta = \\frac{{W}}{{Q_{n}}}\\)<\/i><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \\(W\\) = C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Joules)<\/li>\n
  • \\(Q_{n}\\) = Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (Joules)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ki\u1ec3u t\u1eadp trung (CSP).<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sinh ra hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc: Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 k\u00edn, entropy c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/b> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
  • Xe c\u1ed9:<\/b> Thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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