{"id":699809,"date":"2024-11-23T21:19:04","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T20:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699809"},"modified":"2024-11-23T21:19:04","modified_gmt":"2024-11-23T20:19:04","slug":"qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-he-thong-lam-lanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-he-thong-lam-lanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/qua_trinh_truyen_nhiet_trong_he_thong_lam_lanh.png\" alt=\"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra th\u00f4ng qua ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction)<\/h2>\n<p>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, d\u00e0n bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 d\u00e0n ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qua \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Fourier:<\/p>\n<p>Q = -k * A * \\(\\frac{\\Delta T}{\\Delta x}\\)<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n (W)<\/li>\n<li>k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\): Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta x\\): Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u (Convection)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb d\u00e0n bay h\u01a1i sang d\u00e0n ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1m) t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qua \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Newton:<\/p>\n<p>Q = h * A * \\(\\Delta T\\)<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n (W)<\/li>\n<li>h: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\): Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 (Radiation)<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u00edt x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0 K \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/p>\n<p>Q = \u03b5 * \u03c3 * A * (T<sub>1<\/sub><sup>4<\/sup> &#8211; T<sub>2<\/sub><sup>4<\/sup>)<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n (W)<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5: \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (0 \u2264 \u03b5 \u2264 1)<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67 \u00d7 10<sup>-8<\/sup> W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00b7K<sup>4<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>1<\/sub>, T<sub>2<\/sub>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea7m Quan Tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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