{"id":699923,"date":"2024-09-08T08:40:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-08T07:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=699923"},"modified":"2024-09-08T08:40:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-08T07:40:45","slug":"truyen-nhiet-buc-xa-trong-chat-khi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/truyen-nhiet-buc-xa-trong-chat-khi\/","title":{"rendered":"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/truyen_nhiet_buc_xa_trong_chat_khi.png\" alt=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Khi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, tua-bin nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/p>\n<p>\n  <em>q<\/em> = \u03c3 * <em>T<\/em><sup>4<\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>q<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>).<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u03c3 \u2248 5.67 x 10<sup>-8<\/sup> W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>K<sup>-4<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li><em>T<\/em> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (K).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Planck cho b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u1eadt \u0111en, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>\n  N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, transmissivity v\u00e0 emissivity c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/truyen-nhiet-buc-xa-trong-chat-khi\/\" \/>\n<meta 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