{"id":700122,"date":"2024-09-01T10:16:52","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T09:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700122"},"modified":"2024-09-01T10:16:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-01T09:16:52","slug":"qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-phau-thuat-lanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-phau-thuat-lanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/qua_trinh_truyen_nhiet_trong_phau_thuat_lanh.png\" alt=\"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 ba c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction):<\/strong> D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng cao chuy\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n<blockquote><p>Q\\_cond = -k * A * (dT\/dx)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>    trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q\\_cond: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n<li>k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>dT\/dx: Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convection):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u:<br \/>\n<blockquote><p>Q\\_conv = h * A * (T\\_surface &#8211; T\\_fluid)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>    trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q\\_conv: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W)<\/li>\n<li>h: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>T\\_surface: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n<li>T\\_fluid: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ea7u d\u00f2 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, g\u00e2y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea7u d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng do d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u00f4 sang \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 l\u1ea1nh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u00f4 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Sau khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5p, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1eadm:<\/strong> Sau khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd n\u00e0o. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea5m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00f4 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00edt x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh<\/title>\n<meta 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