{"id":700160,"date":"2024-10-03T20:40:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T19:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700160"},"modified":"2024-10-03T20:40:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T19:40:09","slug":"hien-tuong-truyen-nhiet-vi-mo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hien-tuong-truyen-nhiet-vi-mo\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hien_tuong_truyen_nhiet_vi_mo.png\" alt=\"Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4 (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c vi m\u00f4 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. \u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra theo nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t h\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn th\u00f4ng qua phonon (h\u1ea1t g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p><i>q = -k \\nabla T<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>q<\/i>: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li><i>k<\/i>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li><i>\\nabla T<\/i>: Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MEMS v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Vi M\u00f4<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (MEMS) l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4. MEMS bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc micromet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng trong C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Nano<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4. Trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nano, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c transistor trong c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MEMS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t vi m\u00f4: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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