{"id":700179,"date":"2024-11-15T10:18:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-15T09:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700179"},"modified":"2024-11-15T10:18:03","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T09:18:03","slug":"chuyen-nhiet-trong-nang-luong-nhiet-dai-duong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-nang-luong-nhiet-dai-duong\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng khai th\u00e1c trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_nang_luong_nhiet_dai_duong.png\" alt=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion &#8211; OTEC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea5m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a OTEC<\/h2>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh OTEC th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ammonia ho\u1eb7c propane. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i bay h\u01a1i s\u1ebd quay m\u1ed9t tuabin n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u l\u1ea1nh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh OTEC<\/h2>\n<p>Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng OTEC, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong OTEC:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Trong OTEC, c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn. Trong OTEC, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1:<\/strong> \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a OTEC, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Li\u00ean Quan<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng OTEC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p><em>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\nQ = m * c * \u2206T\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i (J)<\/li>\n<li>m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (J\/kg\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\u2206T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t Fourier:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\nq = -k * (dT\/dx)\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn (W\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>dT\/dx l\u00e0 grad nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng OTEC, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng khai th\u00e1c trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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