{"id":700350,"date":"2024-10-05T19:54:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T18:54:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700350"},"modified":"2024-10-05T19:54:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T18:54:28","slug":"chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-thiet-bi-vi-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-thiet-bi-vi-long\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\"Chuy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng (microfluidic devices). C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng, chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra qua ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (conductive heat transfer)<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (convective heat transfer)<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t (radiative heat transfer)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y sang ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 qua vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qua \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Fourrier:<\/p>\n

    \n \\( q = -k \\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial x} \\)\n<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • q l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
  • k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/mK)<\/li>\n
  • \\( \\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial x} \\) l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K\/m)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00eanh, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua d\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (natural convection)<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c (forced convection)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01a1m d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c vi k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u00edt khi x\u1ea3y ra do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u00edt khi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u00eanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i (nh\u01b0 laser), b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc: C\u00e1c micropump v\u00e0 microchannel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu m\u00e1u, DNA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng y h\u1ecdc: Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng terapeutic kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Qua vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi l\u1ecfng, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y, m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nChuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\" \/>\n<meta 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