{"id":700597,"date":"2024-08-31T23:21:16","date_gmt":"2024-08-31T22:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700597"},"modified":"2024-08-31T23:21:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-31T22:21:16","slug":"qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-tang-dat-bang-vinh-cuu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-tang-dat-bang-vinh-cuu\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

\"Qu\u00e1<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/h2>\n

T\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 permafrost, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng (0\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c 32\u00b0F) trong th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai n\u0103m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu x\u1ea3y ra qua ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> L\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Trong \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u:<\/strong> Trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1:<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    2. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/h3>\n

    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (k) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    Q = k * A * \\(\\frac{\u0394T}{\u0394x}\\)<\/em><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua (W)<\/li>\n
  • k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n
  • A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n
  • \u0394T: Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n
  • \u0394x: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t (m)<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    3. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/h3>\n

    Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 tan nh\u00ecn b\u0103ng trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ee5t l\u00fan \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed metan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng 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