{"id":700813,"date":"2024-09-23T04:05:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T03:05:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700813"},"modified":"2024-09-23T04:05:25","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T03:05:25","slug":"qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-bo-chuyen-doi-xuc-tac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/qua-trinh-truyen-nhiet-trong-bo-chuyen-doi-xuc-tac\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

\"Qu\u00e1<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong B\u1ed9 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i X\u00fac T\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, di\u1ec5n ra ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
  • Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00ednh qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thanh kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1edbp x\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

    Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h3>\n

    Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed). Trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c l\u1edbp x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t di\u1ec5n ra khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian xung quanh.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh To\u00e1n Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

    D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    \\[ Q = -kA \\frac{\\Delta T}{\\Delta x} \\]\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua (W)<\/li>\n
  • k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n
  • A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n
  • \u0394T: Hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n
  • \u0394x: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (m)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h3>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    \\[ Q = hA(T_s – T_\\infty) \\]\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua (W)<\/li>\n
  • h: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K)<\/li>\n
  • A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n
  • T_s: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n
  • T_\\infty: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (K)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    \\[ Q = \\epsilon \\sigma A (T_s^4 – T_\\infty^4) \\]\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (W)<\/li>\n
  • \u03b5: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb)<\/li>\n
  • \u03c3: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (\\( 5.67 \\times 10^{-8} W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K^4 \\))<\/li>\n
  • A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n
  • T_s: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n
  • T_\\infty: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    T\u1ed5ng K\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

    Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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