{"id":700851,"date":"2024-08-19T00:08:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-18T23:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700851"},"modified":"2024-08-19T00:08:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-18T23:08:33","slug":"chuyen-nhiet-trong-dong-co-dot-ngoai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-dong-co-dot-ngoai\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_dong_co_dot_ngoai.png\" alt=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1t Ngo\u00e0i<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xi-lanh ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3ng n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc qua m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed n\u00e9n), sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed n\u00e9n.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed n\u00e9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng n\u00e9n qua van \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed n\u00e9n t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m di chuy\u1ec3n piston ho\u1eb7c tuabin, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed sau khi qua bu\u1ed3ng n\u00e9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5, sau \u0111\u00f3 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qua Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot &#8211; m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t <em>\u03b7<\/em> c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 Carnot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \u03b7 = 1 &#8211; \\frac{T_{l\u1ea1nh}}{T_{n\u00f3ng}} \\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, <em>T_{n\u00f3ng}<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>T_{l\u1ea1nh}<\/em> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o Kelvin (K).<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction):<\/b> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convection):<\/b> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed) khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n. N\u1ed3i h\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (Radiation):<\/b> S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u1eeda trong l\u00f2 h\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n ra ngo\u00e0i qua b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><b>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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