{"id":700949,"date":"2024-09-18T22:30:59","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T21:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=700949"},"modified":"2024-09-18T22:30:59","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T21:30:59","slug":"truyen-nhiet-trong-lam-lanh-tu-tinh-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/truyen-nhiet-trong-lam-lanh-tu-tinh-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/truyen_nhiet_trong_lam_lanh_tu_tinh.png\" alt=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh T\u1eeb T\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Magnetocaloric. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Emil Warburg v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1881 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng T\u1eeb Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Khi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft q\u1ee7a n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 Gd<sub>5<\/sub>(Si<sub>2<\/sub>Ge<sub>2<\/sub>)) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c dipol t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3m entropy v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng entropy c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u00c1p D\u1ee5ng T\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dipol t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea3n Nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t qua m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i B\u1ecf T\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, c\u00e1c dipol t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 entropy t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ea5p Th\u1ee5 Nhi\u1ec7t: <\/strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c do nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y MRI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00f9 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng 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