{"id":701121,"date":"2024-10-18T01:19:05","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T00:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=701121"},"modified":"2024-10-18T01:19:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T00:19:05","slug":"luu-tru-nhiet-tien-tien-cho-nha-may-dien-mat-troi-tap-trung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/luu-tru-nhiet-tien-tien-cho-nha-may-dien-mat-troi-tap-trung\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/luu_tru_nhiet_tien_tien_cho_nha_may_dien_mat_troi_tap_trung.png\" alt=\"L\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung (CSP) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a CSP l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a CSP.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (Molten Salt Storage Systems)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t nham th\u1ea1ch (Rock Bed Storage Systems)<\/li>\n<li>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha (Phase Change Materials &#8211; PCM)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Natri Nitrat (NaNO<sub>3<\/sub>) v\u00e0 Kali Nitrat (KNO<sub>3<\/sub>), l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t cho CSP. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 250\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 600\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung, mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Khi c\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea1y tua-bin \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nQ = m * c * \\Delta T<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Joules)<\/li>\n<li>m: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c: Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (J\/kg\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\): S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t nham th\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n<p>Nham th\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CSP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i qua m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li>Khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qua t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha (PCM)<\/h2>\n<p>PCM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha r\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, PCM chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb pha r\u1eafn sang pha l\u1ecfng, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m, PCM chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb pha l\u1ecfng sang pha r\u1eafn, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a PCM bao g\u1ed3m Paraffin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i hydrate.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t cao trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eb9p, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a PCM, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nQ = m * L<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Joules)<\/li>\n<li>m: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PCM (kg)<\/li>\n<li>L: Nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9n (J\/kg)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y CSP m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean 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