{"id":701545,"date":"2024-08-30T14:15:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T13:15:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=701545"},"modified":"2024-08-30T14:15:44","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T13:15:44","slug":"vat-lieu-thong-minh-phan-ung-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-thong-minh-phan-ung-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vat_lieu_thong_minh_phan_ung_nhiet.png\" alt=\"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Th\u00f4ng minh Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh (Shape Memory Alloys &#8211; SMAs) nh\u01b0 Nitinol, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong y h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: \u1ede l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i polyme c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 co l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e3n ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 stent t\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong>: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o trong ph\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha (Phase Change Materials &#8211; PCMs) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>H\u1ee3p kim nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh<\/strong>: H\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c pha bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Nitinol c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh LaTeX nh\u01b0 sau:<br \/>\n    \\[<br \/>\n    Ti_x Ni_{1-x}<br \/>\n    \\]\n    v\u1edbi x l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m mol c\u1ee7a Titanium.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha<\/strong>: PCMs h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang l\u1ecfng. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m, ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t PCM \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 paraffin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng:<br \/>\n    \\[<br \/>\n    C_{n}H_{2n+2}<br \/>\n    \\]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>L\u1ee3i \u00cdch v\u00e0 Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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