{"id":702999,"date":"2024-11-23T04:17:37","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T03:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=702999"},"modified":"2024-11-23T04:17:37","modified_gmt":"2024-11-23T03:17:37","slug":"bao-ve-qua-ap-nhiet-an-toan-va-he-thong-ap-suat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/bao-ve-qua-ap-nhiet-an-toan-va-he-thong-ap-suat\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t | An To\u00e0n v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u00c1p Su\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bao_ve_qua_ap_nhiet_an_toan_va_he_thong_ap_suat.png\" alt=\"B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t | An To\u00e0n v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u00c1p Su\u1ea5t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t | An To\u00e0n v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u00c1p Su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n. Qu\u00e1 \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 \u00e1p x\u1ea3y ra khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, ho\u1eb7c gia nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng do s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i Sao B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t Quan Tr\u1ecdng?<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, qu\u00e1 \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ecfng h\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/li>\n<li>R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed5, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Van an to\u00e0n (Safety Valve):<\/strong> Van n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf ra khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p (Pressure Relief Valve):<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 van an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p (Pressure Reducing Valve):<\/strong> Gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n, ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft B\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m S\u00e1t (Monitoring Devices):<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 \u00e1p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c Li\u00ean Quan \u0110\u1ebfn Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/p>\n<p>P * V = n * R * T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>V l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol<\/li>\n<li>R l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t | An To\u00e0n v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u00c1p Su\u1ea5t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Qu\u00e1 \u00c1p Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. 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