{"id":704927,"date":"2024-09-24T15:34:31","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T14:34:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=704927"},"modified":"2024-09-24T15:34:31","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T14:34:31","slug":"chuyen-nhiet-trong-dong-chay-da-pha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-dong-chay-da-pha\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u pha kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_dong_chay_da_pha.png\" alt=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y \u0110a Pha<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t (thermal engineering), chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u pha (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed, r\u1eafn) c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y \u0110a Pha<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01a1n pha do s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pha (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t).<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 pha: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i pha trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n pha, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Chuy\u1ec3n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y \u0110a Pha<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha bao g\u1ed3m ba c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction)<\/h3>\n<p>Trong d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier&#8217;s Law cho d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>q = -k \\frac{dT}{dx}<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>).<\/li>\n<li>k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K).<\/li>\n<li>\\frac{dT}{dx} l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u (Convection)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u x\u1ea3y ra khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua c\u1ea3 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Newton&#8217;s Law of Cooling cho \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>q = h A \\Delta T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n (W).<\/li>\n<li>h l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00b7K).<\/li>\n<li>A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (m<sup>2<\/sup>).<\/li>\n<li>\\Delta T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 (Radiation)<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Stefan-Boltzmann Law cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 P t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111en l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>P = \\sigma A T^4<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (W).<\/li>\n<li>\\sigma l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67\u00d710<sup>-8<\/sup> W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00b7K<sup>4<\/sup>).<\/li>\n<li>A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>).<\/li>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (K).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>N\u1ed3i H\u01a1i<\/strong>: Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y (pha kh\u00ed) t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc (pha l\u1ecfng) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00f2a Kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00ed<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i (chuy\u1ec3n pha t\u1eeb l\u1ecfng sang kh\u00ed) c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng gian b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p Ho\u00e1 Ch\u1ea5t<\/strong>: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5, b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111a pha: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u pha kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chuy\u1ec3n 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