{"id":706828,"date":"2024-10-02T17:30:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=706828"},"modified":"2024-10-02T17:30:33","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:30:33","slug":"he-thong-trao-doi-ion-quy-trinh-lam-mem-nuoc-xu-ly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/he-thong-trao-doi-ion-quy-trinh-lam-mem-nuoc-xu-ly\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trao \u0111\u1ed5i Ion | Quy tr\u00ecnh, L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, X\u1eed l\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trao \u0111\u1ed5i Ion: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc, gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/he_thong_trao_doi_ion_quy_trinh_lam_mem_nuoc_xu_ly.png\" alt=\"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trao \u0111\u1ed5i Ion | Quy tr\u00ecnh, L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, X\u1eed l\u00fd\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trao \u0111\u1ed5i Ion<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ion kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ion mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2>Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion bao g\u1ed3m hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh: l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ion nh\u01b0 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> v\u00e0 Mg<sup>2+<\/sup> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn qua m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a ion Na<sup>+<\/sup> ho\u1eb7c H<sup>+<\/sup>. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua c\u1ed9t, c\u00e1c ion Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> v\u00e0 Mg<sup>2+<\/sup> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Na<sup>+<\/sup> ho\u1eb7c H<sup>+<\/sup>, l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>T\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion:<\/b> Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion do b\u1ecb b\u00e3o h\u00f2a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ion kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 NaCl) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ion Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> v\u00e0 Mg<sup>2+<\/sup> b\u1ecb t\u00edch t\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ion g\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng (Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> v\u00e0 Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1eb7n trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2>X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ion kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ion kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trao \u0111\u1ed5i Ion: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc, gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trao \u0111\u1ed5i Ion | Quy tr\u00ecnh, L\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trao \u0111\u1ed5i Ion: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc, gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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