{"id":707664,"date":"2024-10-11T09:05:45","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T08:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=707664"},"modified":"2024-10-11T09:05:45","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T08:05:45","slug":"chuyen-nhiet-trong-vat-lieu-nanocomposite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-vat-lieu-nanocomposite\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_vat_lieu_nanocomposite.png\" alt=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nanomet (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 nm) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t nano ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite bao g\u1ed3m silicon, carbon, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua ba c\u00e1ch: truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (conduction), \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t (convection), v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t (radiation). Tuy nhi\u00ean, truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 nanocomposite.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t qua va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t nano v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9a l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t nano:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao nh\u01b0 graphene v\u00e0 carbon nanotubes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nano:<\/strong> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nano c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nano:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano trong ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao nh\u01b0 polymer chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng hay g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc trong chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nano. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourrier:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\\( q = -k \\nabla T \\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>\\( \\nabla T \\) l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (Finite Element Method &#8211; FEM) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u pha ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nanocomposite: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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