{"id":708050,"date":"2024-10-18T19:06:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T18:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=708050"},"modified":"2024-10-18T19:06:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T18:06:13","slug":"hieu-ve-do-hon-loan-trong-he-thong-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hieu-ve-do-hon-loan-trong-he-thong-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed9 H\u1ed7n Lo\u1ea1n Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, an to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hieu_ve_do_hon_loan_trong_he_thong_nhiet.png\" alt=\"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed9 H\u1ed7n Lo\u1ea1n Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed9 H\u1ed7n Lo\u1ea1n Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 entropy (S), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ed9 H\u1ed7n Lo\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khi \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Th\u1ee9 Hai C\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9 H\u1ed7n Lo\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>S = k<sub>B<\/sub> * ln(\u03a9)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>S l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n (entropy)<\/li>\n<li>k<sub>B<\/sub> l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Boltzmann (kho\u1ea3ng 1.38 * 10<sup>-23<\/sup> J\/K)<\/li>\n<li>\u03a9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/b> \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng :<\/b> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot, Rankine v\u00e0 Brayton \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, an to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed9 H\u1ed7n Lo\u1ea1n Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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