{"id":708265,"date":"2024-08-17T08:53:12","date_gmt":"2024-08-17T07:53:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=708265"},"modified":"2024-08-17T08:53:12","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T07:53:12","slug":"hieu-ve-hien-tuong-mao-dan-trong-chat-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hieu-ve-hien-tuong-mao-dan-trong-chat-long\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mao D\u1eabn Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c mao qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hieu_ve_hien_tuong_mao_dan_trong_chat_long.png\" alt=\"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mao D\u1eabn Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mao D\u1eabn Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 khe h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mao D\u1eabn L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn (capillary action) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft d\u00ednh (cohesive forces) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft b\u00e1m (adhesive forces) gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf C\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mao D\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u1ef1c K\u1ebft D\u00ednh:<\/b> L\u1ef1c k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00fat nhau nh\u1edd v\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u1ef1c K\u1ebft B\u00e1m:<\/b> L\u1ef1c k\u1ebft b\u00e1m l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng mao d\u1eabn. Khi l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft b\u00e1m m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd b\u00e1m l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng) trong \u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng leo l\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng mao d\u1eabn (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh), s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 meniscus (m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng). M\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cong l\u00ean (meniscus l\u00f5m) ho\u1eb7c cong xu\u1ed1ng (meniscus l\u1ed3i) t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9 Cao Mao D\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong \u1ed1ng mao d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n<p>\n  <u1><\/p>\n<li>h = \\frac{2\\gamma \\cos(\\theta)}{r \\rho g}<\/li>\n<p>  <\/u1>\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>h: \u0110\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>\\gamma: S\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>\\theta: G\u00f3c gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft b\u00e1m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>r: B\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng mao d\u1eabn<\/li>\n<li>\\rho: M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>g: Gia t\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng (~9.8 m\/s<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mao D\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, gi\u00fap nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li><b>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat:<\/b> M\u1ef1c trong ng\u00f2i b\u00fat di chuy\u1ec3n do mao d\u1eabn, cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<\/li>\n<li><b>V\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m:<\/b> C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c mao qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mao D\u1eabn Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c mao qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hieu-ve-hien-tuong-mao-dan-trong-chat-long\/\" 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