{"id":708341,"date":"2024-09-05T06:12:16","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T05:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=708341"},"modified":"2024-09-05T06:12:16","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T05:12:16","slug":"giai-thich-truyen-nhiet-trong-cac-he-thong-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/giai-thich-truyen-nhiet-trong-cac-he-thong-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\"Gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y sang v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra do s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i, g\u1ed7, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n sang v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

q<\/i> = –k<\/i> * (dT\/dx)<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • q<\/i>: d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
  • k<\/i>: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
  • dT\/dx: gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u: \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    Nu = C<\/i> * (Gr<\/i> * Pr<\/i>)n<\/sup><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Nu: s\u1ed1 Nusselt<\/li>\n
  • C: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1<\/li>\n
  • Gr: s\u1ed1 Grashof<\/li>\n
  • Pr: s\u1ed1 Prandtl<\/li>\n
  • n: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n

    B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n qua kh\u00f4ng gian d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    Q<\/i> = \u03b5 * \u03c3 * A * (T1<\/sub>4<\/sup> – T2<\/sub>4<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q<\/i>: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n
  • \u03b5: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n
  • \u03c3: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann<\/li>\n
  • A: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n
  • T1<\/sub> v\u00e0 T2<\/sub>: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Hy v\u1ecdng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nGi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/giai-thich-truyen-nhiet-trong-cac-he-thong-nhiet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/giai-thich-truyen-nhiet-trong-cac-he-thong-nhiet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" 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