{"id":708436,"date":"2024-11-05T08:27:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T07:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=708436"},"modified":"2024-11-05T08:27:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T07:27:45","slug":"tan-nhiet-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/tan-nhiet-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tan_nhiet_la_gi_va_no_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao.png\" alt=\"T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier:\n<p>Q = -k \\frac{dT}{dx}<\/p>\n<p>    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<br \/>\n    \u2219 Q l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (Watt)<br \/>\n    \u2219 k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b7K)<br \/>\n    \u2219 dT\/dx l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K\/m).\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convection):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed xung quanh n\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua:\n<p>Q = hA(T_surface &#8211; T_fluid)<\/p>\n<p>    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<br \/>\n    \u2219 h l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K)<br \/>\n    \u2219 A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m\u00b2)<br \/>\n    \u2219 T_surface l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<br \/>\n    \u2219 T_fluid l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed (K).\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (Radiation):<\/strong> B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua kh\u00f4ng gian d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0:\n<p>Q = \u03c3A\u03b5(T\u2081\u2074 &#8211; T\u2082\u2074)<\/p>\n<p>    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<br \/>\n    \u2219 \u03c3 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67 x 10\u207b\u2078 W\/m\u00b2\u00b7K\u2074)<br \/>\n    \u2219 A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m\u00b2)<br \/>\n    \u2219 \u03b5 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 1)<br \/>\n    \u2219 T\u2081, T\u2082 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K) c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.\n  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed:<\/strong> L\u00e0m m\u00e1t vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, card \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d4 t\u00f4:<\/strong> L\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> L\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? 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