{"id":708455,"date":"2024-07-28T06:43:23","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T05:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=708455"},"modified":"2024-07-28T06:43:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-28T05:43:23","slug":"cach-cap-nhiet-dien-do-nhiet-do-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-cap-nhiet-dien-do-nhiet-do-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch C\u1eb7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_cap_nhiet_dien_do_nhiet_do_nhu_the_nao.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch C\u1eb7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch C\u1eb7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1eady c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1eb7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n hay hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck. C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i, n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng (junction) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1nh (reference junction).<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t (thermoelectric voltage). Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><em>V = S * (T<sub>hot<\/sub> &#8211; T<sub>cold<\/sub>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra<\/li>\n<li>S: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Seebeck c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 V\/\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c \u00b5V\/\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>hot<\/sub>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>cold<\/sub>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Trong Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nh\u01b0 voltmeter ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i suy, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n<h3>\u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ea3i \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng: t\u1eeb -200\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1800\u00b0C, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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