{"id":708474,"date":"2024-08-22T22:23:32","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T21:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=708474"},"modified":"2024-08-22T22:23:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T21:23:32","slug":"hieu-ve-truyen-nhiet-buc-xa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hieu-ve-truyen-nhiet-buc-xa\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hieu_ve_truyen_nhiet_buc_xa.png\" alt=\"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua kh\u00f4ng gian d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t trung gian. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (0 K) \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1:<\/b> C\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5:<\/b> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1:<\/b> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Lu\u1eadt C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/b> T\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u0169y th\u1eeba b\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: \\( E = \\sigma T^4 \\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\sigma\\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (kho\u1ea3ng 5.67 x 10<sup>-8<\/sup> W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>K<sup>4<\/sup>).<\/li>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (K).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Lu\u1eadt Wien:<\/b> \u0110\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng.\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: \\( \\lambda_{max} = \\frac{b}{T} \\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\lambda_{max}\\) l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1ed5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (m).<\/li>\n<li>b l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n Wien (kho\u1ea3ng 2.897 x 10<sup>-3<\/sup> m.K).<\/li>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (K).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Lu\u1eadt Planck:<\/b> M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ed5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111en l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><b>Lu\u1eadt Kirchhoff:<\/b> M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi:<\/b> \u0110\u00e8n h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea5m.<\/li>\n<li><b>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi:<\/b> M\u00e1y thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/b> C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nung n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t 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