{"id":709132,"date":"2024-08-14T21:43:35","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T20:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=709132"},"modified":"2024-08-14T21:43:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T20:43:35","slug":"lop-bien-prandtl-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lop-bien-prandtl-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1edbp Bi\u00ean Prandtl L\u00e0 G\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1edbp bi\u00ean Prandtl, v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea3y laminar v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\"L\u1edbp<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp Bi\u00ean Prandtl L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “l\u1edbp bi\u00ean Prandtl” th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a L\u1edbp Bi\u00ean Prandtl<\/h2>\n

L\u1edbp bi\u00ean Prandtl l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t ngay s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng (\u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn) \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, Ludwig Prandtl, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1904.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a L\u1edbp Bi\u00ean<\/h2>\n

L\u1edbp bi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 D\u00e0y L\u1edbp Bi\u00ean:<\/b> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp bi\u00ean l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 99% t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n B\u1ed1 T\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ed9:<\/b> Trong l\u1edbp bi\u00ean, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 0 (t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
  • L\u1edbp Bi\u00ean Nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c Prandtl<\/h2>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Prandtl gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp bi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \\(\\delta\\). M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    \\(\\delta \\approx \\frac{5 \\sqrt{v t}}{\\sqrt{U}}\\)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \\(v\\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  • \\(t\\) l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
  • \\(U\\) l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a L\u1edbp Bi\u00ean Prandtl<\/h2>\n

    L\u1edbp bi\u00ean Prandtl c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf M\u00e1y Bay:<\/b> Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp bi\u00ean gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay sao cho t\u1ea1o \u00edt l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Tua-bin:<\/b> Gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tua-bin kh\u00ed v\u00e0 tua-bin h\u01a1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u1edbp bi\u00ean.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    L\u1edbp bi\u00ean Prandtl \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp bi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1edbp bi\u00ean Prandtl, v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea3y laminar v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u1edbp Bi\u00ean Prandtl L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1edbp bi\u00ean Prandtl, v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea3y laminar v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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