{"id":709192,"date":"2024-08-06T22:14:19","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T21:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=709192"},"modified":"2024-08-06T22:14:19","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T21:14:19","slug":"dong-co-carnot-la-gi-va-hieu-suat-cua-no-la-bao-nhieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/dong-co-carnot-la-gi-va-hieu-suat-cua-no-la-bao-nhieu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 Bao Nhi\u00eau?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 Bao Nhi\u00eau? &#8211; T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Carnot trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dong_co_carnot_la_gi_va_hieu_suat_cua_no_la_bao_nhieu.png\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 Bao Nhi\u00eau?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 Bao Nhi\u00eau?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Carnot l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Sadi Carnot. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa hai ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<h2>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Carnot<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: H\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (T<sub>H<\/sub>) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: H\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (\u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t) l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng T<sub>C<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e9n: H\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed b\u1ecb n\u00e9n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (T<sub>C<\/sub>) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e9n: H\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb n\u00e9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean T<sub>H<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Carnot (\u03b7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u00f3ng (T<sub>H<\/sub>) v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ea1nh (T<sub>C<\/sub>). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\u03b7 = 1 &#8211; \\(\\frac{T_C}{T_H}\\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li>T<sub>H<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u00f3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng Kelvin (K).<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>C<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng Kelvin (K).<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<p>Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Kelvin \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t Carnot cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu T<sub>H<\/sub> l\u00e0 500K v\u00e0 T<sub>C<\/sub> l\u00e0 300K, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t Carnot s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\u03b7 = 1 &#8211; \\(\\frac{300}{500}\\) = 1 &#8211; 0.6 = 0.4 ho\u1eb7c 40%<\/p>\n<h2>\u00dd Ngh\u0129a V\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t Carnot \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y do c\u00e1c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Carnot gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 Bao Nhi\u00eau? &#8211; T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Carnot trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 Bao Nhi\u00eau?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Carnot L\u00e0 G\u00ec V\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 Bao Nhi\u00eau? 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