{"id":709401,"date":"2024-08-19T13:39:09","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T12:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=709401"},"modified":"2024-08-19T13:39:09","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T12:39:09","slug":"lam-the-nao-dap-thuy-dien-quan-ly-dong-luc-hoc-chat-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lam-the-nao-dap-thuy-dien-quan-ly-dong-luc-hoc-chat-long\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1eadp Thu\u1ef7 \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1eadp Thu\u1ef7 \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng? &#8211; Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lam_the_nao_dap_thuy_dien_quan_ly_dong_luc_hoc_chat_long.png\" alt=\"L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1eadp Thu\u1ef7 \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1eadp Thu\u1ef7 \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eadp Th\u1ee7y \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1eadp ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea3y qua \u0111\u1eadp, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi tuabin b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tua bin quay t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c van v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y qua tuabin, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Van \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (control gates)<\/li>\n<li>Van x\u1ea3 tr\u00e0n (spillway gates)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. T\u00edch Tr\u1eef v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n Ph\u1ed1i N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Bernoulli<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Bernoulli l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><i> P + \\frac{1}{2} \\rho v^2 + \\rho gh = constant <\/i> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>P<\/i> l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li><i>\\rho<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li><i>v<\/i> l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/li>\n<li><i>g<\/i> l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li><i>h<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Tuabin<\/h3>\n<p>Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn (h) ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng tuabin, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf n\u0103ng (mgh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (E) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p><i> E = mgh <\/i><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1eadp Thu\u1ef7 \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng? &#8211; Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1eadp Thu\u1ef7 \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1eadp Thu\u1ef7 \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng? 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