{"id":709515,"date":"2024-11-24T15:41:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T14:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=709515"},"modified":"2024-11-24T15:41:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T14:41:50","slug":"nguyen-ly-ve-hien-tuong-roi-xoay-trong-chat-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nguyen-ly-ve-hien-tuong-roi-xoay-trong-chat-long\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nguyen_ly_ve_hien_tuong_roi_xoay_trong_chat_long.png\" alt=\"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y xung quanh n\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 r\u01a1i qua m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt:<\/b> \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n:<\/b> L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hai l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\rho \\left( \\frac{\\partial \\mathbf{v}}{\\partial t} + \\mathbf{v} \\cdot \\nabla \\mathbf{v} \\right) = &#8211; \\nabla p + \\mu \\nabla^2 \\mathbf{v} + \\mathbf{f} \\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mathbf{v}\\) l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>\\(p\\) l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mu\\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mathbf{f}\\) l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m di chuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m di chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y xung quanh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 b\u01a1m, tua-bin, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y sinh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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