{"id":709648,"date":"2024-10-19T03:18:52","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T02:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=709648"},"modified":"2024-10-19T03:18:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-19T02:18:52","slug":"hieu-ve-chu-ky-otto-trong-dong-co","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hieu-ve-chu-ky-otto-trong-dong-co\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Chu K\u1ef3 Otto Trong \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Chu K\u1ef3 Otto Trong \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 Otto, vai tr\u00f2 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\"Hi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Chu K\u1ef3 Otto Trong \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1<\/h2>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 Otto l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Nikolaus Otto v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1876, chu k\u1ef3 Otto l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n C\u1ee7a Chu K\u1ef3 Otto<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. N\u1ea1p:<\/b> \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, van n\u1ea1p m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 piston di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, k\u00e9o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o trong xi lanh.<\/li>\n
  2. N\u00e9n:<\/b> Khi piston di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean tr\u00ean, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0110\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf:<\/b> \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n, bugi \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf. Piston b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, sinh ra c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
  4. X\u1ea3:<\/b> Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, van x\u1ea3 m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 piston di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i xi lanh qua \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

    Trong chu k\u1ef3 Otto, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qua bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 PV (\u00c1p su\u1ea5t-Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch) v\u00e0 TS (Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9-Entropy). C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 Otto bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \\[ \\eta = 1 – \\left(\\frac{1}{r^{\\gamma-1}}\\right) \\]\n

    V\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \\( \\eta \\): Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
    • r: T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n (Compression Ratio)<\/li>\n
    • \\( \\gamma \\): H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1.4 cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

      Chu k\u1ef3 Otto c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ma s\u00e1t, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, chu k\u1ef3 Otto gi\u00fap b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 chu k\u1ef3 Otto kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chu k\u1ef3 Otto trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Chu K\u1ef3 Otto Trong \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 Otto, vai tr\u00f2 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Chu K\u1ef3 Otto Trong \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 Chu K\u1ef3 Otto Trong \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 Otto, vai tr\u00f2 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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