{"id":709705,"date":"2024-10-05T01:06:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T00:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=709705"},"modified":"2024-10-05T01:06:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T00:06:18","slug":"hieu-ve-dong-nhiet-trong-phan-tich-nhiet-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hieu-ve-dong-nhiet-trong-phan-tich-nhiet-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hieu_ve_dong_nhiet_trong_phan_tich_nhiet_hoc.png\" alt=\"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc, d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t (heat flow) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sang v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra theo ba c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh: <em>d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/em>, <em>\u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/em>, v\u00e0 <em>b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction)<\/h2>\n<p>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed khi ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thanh kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o l\u1eeda, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u1ee7a thanh c\u0169ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (Q) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Fourier:<\/p>\n<p>Q = -k \\frac{dT}{dx}<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>dT\/dx: Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u (Convection)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u: <em>\u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>\u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra do s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t (Radiation)<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/p>\n<p>Q = \\sigma A T^4<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>\\sigma: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (\\(5.67 \\times 10^{-8}\\) W\/m\u00b2K\u2074)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt<\/li>\n<li>T: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt (Kelvin)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Nhi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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