{"id":709952,"date":"2024-09-19T04:34:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T03:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=709952"},"modified":"2024-09-19T04:34:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T03:34:32","slug":"tac-dong-cua-su-nhiet-do-do-nhot-den-chat-long-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/tac-dong-cua-su-nhiet-do-do-nhot-den-chat-long-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Nhi\u1ec7t Do \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Nhi\u1ec7t Do \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o? Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/tac_dong_cua_su_nhiet_do_do_nhot_den_chat_long_nhu_the_nao.png\" alt=\"T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Nhi\u1ec7t Do \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c <strong>k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt (hay \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00e0ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 <em>pascal gi\u00e2y (Pa\u00b7s)<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>poise (P)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7 Gi\u1eefa Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><em>Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u):<\/em> Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed:<\/em> Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c h\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt gi\u1ea3m. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh V\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c Quan Tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 <em>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Arrhenius:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\mu = \\mu_0 \\cdot \\exp\\left(\\frac{E_a}{RT}\\right)<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li>\\(\\mu\\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \\(T\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mu_0\\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>\\(E_a\\) l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<li>\\(R\\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n<li>\\(T\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Kelvin)<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh <strong>s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn<\/strong> trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n <strong>hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/strong> trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o <strong>y h\u1ecdc<\/strong> trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn y h\u1ecdc. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Nhi\u1ec7t Do \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o? Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Nhi\u1ec7t Do \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Nhi\u1ec7t Do \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o? 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