{"id":710199,"date":"2024-08-11T18:04:27","date_gmt":"2024-08-11T17:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=710199"},"modified":"2024-08-11T18:04:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-11T17:04:27","slug":"lam-the-nao-de-may-anh-nhiet-phat-hien-nhiet-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lam-the-nao-de-may-anh-nhiet-phat-hien-nhiet-do\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lam_the_nao_de_may_anh_nhiet_phat_hien_nhiet_do.png\" alt=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t: M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn thu th\u1eadp b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 indium antimonide (InSb) ho\u1eb7c vanadium oxide (VO<sub>2<\/sub>).<\/li>\n<li>X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u: B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng, trong khi v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh ho\u1eb7c t\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110o ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1: M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 (emissivity) c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111en to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Stephan-Boltzmann \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng: \\( E = \\sigma * T^4 \\), trong \u0111\u00f3 \\( E \\) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, \\( \\sigma \\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stephan-Boltzmann, v\u00e0 \\( T \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n: Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li>Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt: Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam.<\/li>\n<li>Y khoa: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 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