{"id":710449,"date":"2024-07-30T10:23:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-30T09:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=710449"},"modified":"2024-07-30T10:23:48","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T09:23:48","slug":"bo-chuyen-doi-xuc-tac-giam-khi-thai-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/bo-chuyen-doi-xuc-tac-giam-khi-thai-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i xe h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bo_chuyen_doi_xuc_tac_giam_khi_thai_nhu_the_nao.png\" alt=\"B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a xe h\u01a1i, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed1m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5 ong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch kim (Pt), palladi (Pd) v\u00e0 rhodi (Rh). Ba lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon monoxide (CO)<\/li>\n<li>Hydrocarbon (HC)<\/li>\n<li>Oxit nitrogen (NO<sub>x<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a CO v\u00e0 HC:\n<p>B\u1ed9 x\u00fac t\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 palladi \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n CO v\u00e0 HC th\u00e0nh carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (H<sub>2<\/sub>O).<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n<p>2CO + O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>C<sub>x<\/sub>H<sub>y<\/sub> + (x + \\frac{y}{4})O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 xCO<sub>2<\/sub> + \\frac{y}{2}H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed NO<sub>x<\/sub>:\n<p>Rhodi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m NO<sub>x<\/sub> th\u00e0nh nitrogen (N<sub>2<\/sub>) v\u00e0 oxy (O<sub>2<\/sub>):<\/p>\n<p>2NO \u2192 N<sub>2<\/sub> + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c quy chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb xe h\u01a1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd, b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u00fang ta h\u00edt th\u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i xe h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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