{"id":710487,"date":"2024-08-02T11:24:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T10:24:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=710487"},"modified":"2024-08-02T11:24:44","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T10:24:44","slug":"chu-trinh-rankine-chuyen-doi-nhiet-thanh-cong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chu-trinh-rankine-chuyen-doi-nhiet-thanh-cong-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng tuabin, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

\"Chu<\/p>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh trong chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p (Isobaric Heating):<\/strong> Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m v\u00e0o l\u00f2 h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
  2. Gi\u00e3n n\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy (Isentropic Expansion):<\/strong> H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi r\u1eddi l\u00f2 h\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o tua-bin, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 gi\u00e3n n\u1ee1 v\u00e0 sinh c\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i entropy trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tua-bin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng b\u1edfi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  3. Ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p (Isobaric Condensation):<\/strong> H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1ee1 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00f3 r\u1eddi l\u00f2 h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
  4. N\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy (Isentropic Compression):<\/strong> N\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n l\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gia nhi\u1ec7t, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e9n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t (\\(\\eta\\)): \\(\\eta = \\frac{W_{t} – W_{p}}{Q_{in}}\\)<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tua-bin \\(W_{t} = h_{1} – h_{2}\\)<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u01a1m \\(W_{p} = h_{4} – h_{3}\\)<\/li>\n
    • Nhi\u1ec7t th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu tr\u00ecnh \\(Q_{in} = h_{1} – h_{4}\\)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong \u0111\u00f3, \\(h_1, h_2, h_3, h_4\\) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb entanpi t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong chu tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

      Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

      V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng tuabin, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nChu tr\u00ecnh Rankine chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng tuabin, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n 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