{"id":710544,"date":"2024-07-26T14:59:36","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T13:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=710544"},"modified":"2024-07-26T14:59:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T13:59:36","slug":"cach-ong-dan-nhiet-truyen-nhiet-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-ong-dan-nhiet-truyen-nhiet-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn (Conduction): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0:\n

    Q<\/b> = -k * A * (dT\/dx)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Q<\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn (W)<\/li>\n
    • k<\/b>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m*K)<\/li>\n
    • A<\/b>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (m2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
    • dT\/dx<\/b>: Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convection): Trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u. Khi m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean tr\u00ean, trong khi m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n th\u00ec n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0:\n

      Q<\/b> = h * A * (Ts<\/sub> – T∞<\/sub>)<\/p>\n

      Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • h<\/b>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m2<\/sup>*K)<\/li>\n
      • A<\/b>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (m2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
      • Ts<\/sub><\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n
      • T∞<\/sub><\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (Radiation): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t trung gian. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Stefan-Boltzmann m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0:\n

        Q<\/b> = \u03b5 * \u03c3 * A * (Ts<\/sub>4<\/sup> – T∞<\/sub>4<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

        Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u03b5<\/b>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb)<\/li>\n
        • \u03c3<\/b>: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67 * 10-8<\/sup> W\/m2<\/sup>*K4<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
        • A<\/b>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (m2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
        • Ts<\/sub><\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n
        • T∞<\/sub><\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

          \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          C\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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