{"id":710772,"date":"2024-09-06T01:50:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T00:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=710772"},"modified":"2024-09-06T01:50:25","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T00:50:25","slug":"lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan-tao-nhiet-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan-tao-nhiet-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lo_phan_ung_hat_nhan_tao_nhiet_nhu_the_nao.png\" alt=\"L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o Nhi\u1ec7t Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf T\u1ea1o Nhi\u1ec7t C\u1ee7a L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh: <em>ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch.<\/em> Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch:<\/b> Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 uranium-235 (U<sub>92<\/sub>) b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Neutron v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/b> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng sinh ra c\u00e1c neutron t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <em>ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u:<\/b> Uranium-235 ho\u1eb7c plutonium-239 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thanh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u:<\/b> C\u00e1c thanh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0o l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/b> C\u00e1c neutron t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>T\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li><b>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng:<\/b> H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn qua c\u00e1c tuabin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u00f5i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/b> Ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c thanh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li><b>Thanh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 neutron v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>D\u1ecbch l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/b> Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u00fap h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u00f5i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/b> Bao b\u1ecdc l\u00f5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? 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Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan-tao-nhiet-nhu-the-nao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-06T00:50:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lo_phan_ung_hat_nhan_tao_nhiet_nhu_the_nao.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan-tao-nhiet-nhu-the-nao\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lo_phan_ung_hat_nhan_tao_nhiet_nhu_the_nao.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"L\\u00f2 ph\\u1ea3n \\u1ee9ng h\\u1ea1t nh\\u00e2n t\\u1ea1o nhi\\u1ec7t nh\\u01b0 th\\u1ebf n\\u00e0o?\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan-tao-nhiet-nhu-the-nao\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan-tao-nhiet-nhu-the-nao\/\",\"name\":\"L\\u00f2 ph\\u1ea3n \\u1ee9ng h\\u1ea1t nh\\u00e2n t\\u1ea1o nhi\\u1ec7t nh\\u01b0 th\\u1ebf n\\u00e0o?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan-tao-nhiet-nhu-the-nao\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-06T00:50:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-06T00:50:25+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"L\\u00f2 ph\\u1ea3n \\u1ee9ng h\\u1ea1t nh\\u00e2n t\\u1ea1o nhi\\u1ec7t nh\\u01b0 th\\u1ebf n\\u00e0o? 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