{"id":711000,"date":"2024-11-24T12:46:36","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T11:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=711000"},"modified":"2024-11-24T12:46:36","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T11:46:36","slug":"lam-the-nao-ma-mang-loc-nuoc-tinh-khiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lam-the-nao-ma-mang-loc-nuoc-tinh-khiet\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lam_the_nao_ma_mang_loc_nuoc_tinh_khiet.png\" alt=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng (membrane filtration), v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, vi sinh v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u!<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 polyamide, polysulfone, ho\u1eb7c ceramic. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed7i m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nanomet (nm). C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Microfiltration (MF):<\/b> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 t\u1eeb 0.1 &#8211; 10 \u00b5m, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ultrafiltration (UF):<\/b> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 t\u1eeb 0.01 &#8211; 0.1 \u00b5m, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf virus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li><b>Nanofiltration (NF):<\/b> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 t\u1eeb 0.001 &#8211; 0.01 \u00b5m, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ion \u0111a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li><b>Reverse Osmosis (RO):<\/b> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 t\u1eeb 0.0001 &#8211; 0.001 \u00b5m, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y qua m\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, vi sinh v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng, trong khi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i qua.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qua m\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc qua m\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Darcy:<\/p>\n<p>Q = \\(\\frac{(P_1 &#8211; P_2)}{R}\\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (flow rate) c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc qua m\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>P<sub>1<\/sub> v\u00e0 P<sub>2<\/sub> l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau m\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>R l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t:<\/b> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><b>X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i:<\/b> Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, bia v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Y t\u1ebf:<\/b> L\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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