{"id":711209,"date":"2024-08-19T06:59:48","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T05:59:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=711209"},"modified":"2024-08-19T06:59:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T05:59:48","slug":"lam-the-nao-he-thong-lam-lanh-bang-tu-tinh-hoat-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lam-the-nao-he-thong-lam-lanh-bang-tu-tinh-hoat-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lam_the_nao_he_thong_lam_lanh_bang_tu_tinh_hoat_dong.png\" alt=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c <i>thermal engineering<\/i> (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (magnetocaloric effect). H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ra ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb, c\u00e1c spin c\u1ee7a electron trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m entropy v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh n\u00e0y b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, t\u0103ng entropy v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 gadolinium \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b> L\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Gi\u00fap h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><b>T\u1eeb h\u00f3a:<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng cao.<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kh\u1eed t\u1eeb:<\/b> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng(n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed: C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u00e0m 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