{"id":711487,"date":"2024-10-16T04:08:41","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T03:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=711487"},"modified":"2024-10-16T04:08:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T03:08:41","slug":"cac-cong-cu-danh-gia-su-thoai-mai-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-cong-cu-danh-gia-su-thoai-mai-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_cong_cu_danh_gia_su_thoai_mai_nhiet.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u (MRT)<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u (Mean Radiant Temperature &#8211; MRT) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n MRT. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o (PMV)<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thang \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. PMV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\nPMV = \\( \\left( 0.303 \\exp \\left( -0.036 M \\right) + 0.028 \\right) \\left( M &#8211; W &#8211; 3.96 \\times 10^{-8} f_{\\rm cl} \\left[ (T_{\\rm cl} + 273)^4 &#8211; (T_{\\rm r} + 273)^4 \\right] &#8211; f_{\\rm cl} h_c \\left( T_{\\rm cl} &#8211; T_a \\right) \\right) \\)\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M: chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>W: c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>f<sub>cl<\/sub>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>cl<\/sub>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>r<\/sub>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>h<sub>c<\/sub>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\/\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>a<\/sub>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Fanger (PPD)<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Fanger (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied &#8211; PPD) \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb PMV, PPD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\nPPD = 100 &#8211; 95 \\exp\\left( -0.03353 \\times PMV^4 &#8211; 0.2179 \\times PMV^2 \\right)\n<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PPD gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ea9m k\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 PMV v\u00e0 PPD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 MRT, PMV, PPD, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c 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