{"id":717957,"date":"2024-10-19T15:18:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=717957"},"modified":"2024-10-19T15:18:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:18:53","slug":"%e5%90%b8%e7%83%ad%e5%8f%8d%e5%ba%94%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%b8%e6%94%b6%e7%83%ad%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/%e5%90%b8%e7%83%ad%e5%8f%8d%e5%ba%94%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%b8%e6%94%b6%e7%83%ad%e9%87%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\uff1a\u63ed\u793a\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf.png\" alt=\"\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6c72\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u548c\u5229\u7528\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\uff08endothermic reaction\uff09\u662f\u6307\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5438\u6536\u5916\u754c\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u70ed\u91cf\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u540e\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u5185\u80fd\uff08enthalpy, H\uff09\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u5185\u80fd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u7269 + \u70ed\u91cf \u2192 \u751f\u6210\u7269<\/p>\n<h2>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u0394G\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0394G = \u0394H &#8211; T\u0394S<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d, \u0394H \u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7113\u53d8\uff08\u70ed\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff09\uff0cT \u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u0394S \u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u71b5\u53d8\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u5e8f\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e8e\u6c34<\/li>\n<li>\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u548c\u918b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u690d\u7269\u7684\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u6c34\u5728\u9633\u5149\u7684\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u3002\u53cd\u5e94\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\(6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \u5149\u80fd \u2192 C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2\\)<\/p>\n<h3>\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e8e\u6c34<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5438\u6536\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u8457\u964d\u6e29\u3002\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>NH_4NO_3(s) + \u70ed\u91cf \u2192 NH_4^+(aq) + NO_3^-(aq)<\/p>\n<h3>\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u548c\u918b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\uff08\u5c0f\u82cf\u6253\uff09\u548c\u918b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u918b\u9178\u94a0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>NaHCO_3(s) + CH_3COOH(aq) \u2192 CH_3COONa(aq) + CO_2(g) + H_2O(l) + \u70ed\u91cf<\/p>\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u548c\u5229\u7528\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5236\u51b7\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\uff1a\u63ed\u793a\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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