{"id":724813,"date":"2024-10-11T18:31:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T17:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=724813"},"modified":"2024-10-11T18:31:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T17:31:18","slug":"5%e7%a7%8d%e4%bc%a0%e5%af%bc%e7%83%ad%e4%bc%a0%e9%80%92%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/5%e7%a7%8d%e4%bc%a0%e5%af%bc%e7%83%ad%e4%bc%a0%e9%80%92%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"5\u79cd\u4f20\u5bfc\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">5\u79cd\u4f20\u5bfc\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bfc\u70ed\u3001\u5bf9\u6d41\u3001\u8f90\u5c04\u3001\u6362\u70ed\u548c\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u638c\u63e1\u70ed\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5\u79cd\u4f20\u5bfc\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f.png\" alt=\"5\u79cd\u4f20\u5bfc\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>5\u79cd\u4f20\u5bfc\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u662f\u70ed\u91cf\u4ece\u9ad8\u6e29\u533a\u57df\u5411\u4f4e\u6e29\u533a\u57df\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e94\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u5b9a\u5f8b (Fourier&#8217;s Law)<\/b><\/li>\n<p>\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u70ed\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6 \\( q \\) \u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6 \\( \\nabla T \\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\( q = -k \\nabla T \\)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\( k \\) \u662f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a W\/m\u00b7K\u3002\u6b64\u5b9a\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5747\u5300\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<li><b>\u7a33\u6001\u5bfc\u70ed (Steady-State Conduction)<\/b><\/li>\n<p>\u7a33\u6001\u5bfc\u70ed\u662f\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u70ed\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e14\u6e29\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u5bfc\u70ed\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5e73\u677f\u5899\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u3002\u5176\u70ed\u6d41\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\( Q = \\frac{kA(T_1 &#8211; T_2)}{L} \\)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\( Q \\) \u662f\u70ed\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\\( A \\) \u662f\u622a\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\\( T_1 \\) \u548c \\( T_2 \\) \u662f\u58c1\u4e24\u4fa7\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\\( L \\) \u662f\u58c1\u539a\u3002<\/p>\n<li><b>\u975e\u7a33\u6001\u5bfc\u70ed (Transient Conduction)<\/b><\/li>\n<p>\u975e\u7a33\u6001\u5bfc\u70ed\u662f\u6307\u6e29\u5ea6\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u70ed\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6c42\u89e3\u5bfc\u70ed\u65b9\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u89e3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<li><b>\u591a\u5c42\u5bfc\u70ed (Multi-Layer Conduction)<\/b><\/li>\n<p>\u591a\u5c42\u5bfc\u70ed\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u3002\u6bcf\u5c42\u6750\u6599\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u70ed\u963b\uff0c\u518d\u6c42\u603b\u70ed\u963b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u70ed\u963b\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p> \\( R_\\text{total} = \\sum \\frac{L_i}{k_i A} \\)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\( L_i \\) \u548c \\( k_i \\) \u5206\u522b\u662f\u7b2c i \u5c42\u6750\u6599\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\u548c\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<li><b>\u8f90\u5c04\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6d41\u7684\u8026\u5408 (Coupled Radiation and Convection)<\/b><\/li>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ed\u6d41\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u70ed\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8f90\u5c04\u548c\u5bf9\u6d41\u3002\u5bf9\u6d41\u662f\u6d41\u4f53\uff08\u6c14\u4f53\u6216\u6db2\u4f53\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8f90\u5c04\u662f\u7269\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u4f20\u70ed\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8026\u5408\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5206\u6790\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u8fb9\u754c\u5c42\u548c\u6362\u70ed\u7cfb\u6570 \\( h \\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\( q = h A (T_s &#8211; T_\\infty) \\)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\( T_s \\) \u662f\u8868\u9762\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\\( T_\\infty \\) \u662f\u6d41\u4f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u70ed\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5\u79cd\u4f20\u5bfc\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bfc\u70ed\u3001\u5bf9\u6d41\u3001\u8f90\u5c04\u3001\u6362\u70ed\u548c\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u638c\u63e1\u70ed\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site 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