{"id":740737,"date":"2024-11-03T20:04:37","date_gmt":"2024-11-03T19:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=740737"},"modified":"2024-11-03T20:04:37","modified_gmt":"2024-11-03T19:04:37","slug":"%e4%bb%a3%e8%b0%a2%e5%b7%a5%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/%e4%bb%a3%e8%b0%a2%e5%b7%a5%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4f18\u5316\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66.png\" alt=\"\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u7ec4\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u3001\u71c3\u6599\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\uff1a\u80fd\u91cf\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<br \/>\n    <br \/> \\(\\Delta U = Q &#8211; W\\)<br \/>\n    <br \/>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\(\\Delta U\\) \u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff0cQ \u8868\u793a\u70ed\u91cf\uff0cW \u8868\u793a\u529f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u671d\u5411\u589e\u52a0\u71b5\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u6027\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<br \/>\n    <br \/> \\(\\Delta S \\geq \\frac{Q}{T}\\)<br \/>\n    <br \/>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\(\\Delta S\\) \u8868\u793a\u71b5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0cT \u8868\u793a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u80fd\u91cf\u5e73\u8861\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5e73\u8861\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u4f30\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6574\u4f53\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u71b5\u751f\u6210\u6700\u5c0f\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee3\u8c22\u7ebf\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u71b5\u7684\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8c22\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/h3>\n<p>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff08Gibbs Free Energy, G\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<br \/>\n    <br \/> \\(\\Delta G = \\Delta H &#8211; T\\Delta S\\)<br \/>\n    <br \/>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\(\\Delta G\\) \u8868\u793a\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\\(\\Delta H\\) \u8868\u793a\u7113\u53d8\uff0cT \u8868\u793a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\\(\\Delta S\\) \u8868\u793a\u71b5\u53d8\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 \\(\\Delta G < 0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b\u5f53 \\(\\Delta G > 0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u975e\u81ea\u53d1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u4ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u548c\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u52a8\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4f18\u5316\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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